Nephronophthisis via the INVS / NPHP2 Gene
Summary and Pricing 
Test Method
Sequencing and CNV Detection via NextGen Sequencing using PG-Select Capture Probes
| Test Code | Test Copy Genes | Test CPT Code | Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Code | Base Price | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15251 | INVS | 81479 | 81479,81479 | $990 | Order Options and Pricing |
Pricing Comments
Testing run on PG-select capture probes includes CNV analysis for the gene(s) on the panel but does not permit the optional add on of exome-wide CNV analysis. Any of the NGS platforms allow reflex to other clinically relevant genes, up to whole exome or whole genome sequencing depending upon the base platform selected for the initial test.
An additional 25% charge will be applied to STAT orders. STAT orders are prioritized throughout the testing process.
This test is also offered via a custom panel (click here) on our exome or genome backbone which permits the optional add on of exome-wide CNV or genome-wide SV analysis.
Turnaround Time
3 weeks on average for standard orders or 2 weeks on average for STAT orders.
Please note: Once the testing process begins, an Estimated Report Date (ERD) range will be displayed in the portal. This is the most accurate prediction of when your report will be complete and may differ from the average TAT published on our website. About 85% of our tests will be reported within or before the ERD range. We will notify you of significant delays or holds which will impact the ERD. Learn more about turnaround times here.
Targeted Testing
For ordering sequencing of targeted known variants, go to our Targeted Variants page.
Clinical Features and Genetics
Clinical Features
Nephronophthisis (NPH) is the most common genetic cause of progressive renal failure in children and young adults. NPH is characterized by polyuria, growth retardation, and progressive deterioration of renal function with normal or slightly reduced kidney size. Infantile or type 2 nephronophthisis (NPH2) (OMIM 602088) causes chronic renal failure in infants and children before 5 year of age. NPH2 is marked by the kidney phenotype of NPH along with kidney cysts (Otto et al. Nat Genet 34:413-420, 2003; Hildebrandt et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:23-35, 2009). NPH2 features may also include tubular basement membrane disruption, renal interstitial fibrosis, and moderate renal enlargement with or without situs inversus (Okada et al. Clin Nephrol 69:135-141, 2008). Additionally, NPH2 has been reported in an adolescent patient who had renal function beyond infancy with situs inversus (Okada et al. 2008).
Genetics
NPH2 is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Variants in the INVS gene (also called NPHP2) cause NPH2 (Otto et al. Nat Genet 34:413-420, 2003). Nephronophthisis exhibits locus heterogeneity. Nine NPH genes have been identified to date (NPHP1, INVS/NPHP2, NPHP3, NPHP4, IQCB1/NPHP5, CEP260/NPHP6, GLIS2/NPHP7, RPGRIP1L/NPHP8, and NEK8/NPHP9) (Hildebrandt et al. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:23-35, 2009). INVS gene encodes the inversin protein, which interacts with nephrocystin-1 (product of the NPHP1 gene) and β-tubulin in primary cilia and basal bodies (Otto et al. 2003). Also, it has been reported that the inversin protein has an important role in planar cell polarity signaling (Simons et al. Nat Genet 37:537-543, 2005). About 13 causative variants, a mix of nonsense, frameshift, splicing, and missense have been reported (Otto et al. 2003; Tory et al. Kidney Int 75:839-847, 2009).
Testing Strategy
This test is performed using Next-Gen sequencing with additional Sanger sequencing as necessary.
This test provides full coverage of all coding exons of the INVS gene plus 10 bases of flanking noncoding DNA in all available transcripts along with other non-coding regions in which pathogenic variants have been identified at PreventionGenetics or reported elsewhere. We define full coverage as >20X NGS reads or Sanger sequencing.
Indications for Test
Candidates for this test are patients with symptoms consistent with NPH2 and the family members of patients who have known variants. Conclusive connections between clinical features and individual mutated genes have not yet been made. This test may also be considered for the reproductive partners of individuals who carry pathogenic variants in INVS.
Candidates for this test are patients with symptoms consistent with NPH2 and the family members of patients who have known variants. Conclusive connections between clinical features and individual mutated genes have not yet been made. This test may also be considered for the reproductive partners of individuals who carry pathogenic variants in INVS.
Gene
| Official Gene Symbol | OMIM ID |
|---|---|
| INVS | 243305 |
| Inheritance | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Autosomal Dominant | AD |
| Autosomal Recessive | AR |
| X-Linked | XL |
| Mitochondrial | MT |
Disease
| Name | Inheritance | OMIM ID |
|---|---|---|
| Infantile Nephronophthisis | AR | 602088 |
Citations
- Hildebrandt F. et al. 2009. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : Jasn. 20: 23-35. PubMed ID: 19118152
- Okada, M., et.al. (2008). "Association of INVS (NPHP2) mutation in an adolescent exhibiting nephronophthisis (NPH) and complete situs inversus." Clin Nephrol 69(2): 135-41. PubMed ID: 18218308
- Otto EA, Schermer B, Obara T, O’Toole JF, Hiller KS, Mueller AM, Ruf RG, Hoefele J, Beekmann F, Landau D, Foreman JW, Goodship JA, et al. 2003. Mutations in INVS encoding inversin cause nephronophthisis type 2, linking renal cystic disease to the function of primary cilia and left-right axis determination. Nature Genetics 34: 413–420. PubMed ID: 12872123
- Simons, M., et.al. (2005). "Inversin, the gene product mutated in nephronophthisis type II, functions as a molecular switch between Wnt signaling pathways." Nat Genet 37(5): 537-43. PubMed ID: 15852005
- Tory, K., et.al. (2009). "Mutations of NPHP2 and NPHP3 in infantile nephronophthisis." Kidney Int 75(8): 839-47. PubMed ID: 19177160
Ordering/Specimens
Ordering Options
We offer several options when ordering sequencing tests. For more information on these options, see our Ordering Instructions page. To view available options, click on the Order Options button within the test description.
myPrevent - Online Ordering
- The test can be added to your online orders in the Summary and Pricing section.
- Once the test has been added log in to myPrevent to fill out an online requisition form.
- PGnome sequencing panels can be ordered via the myPrevent portal only at this time.
Requisition Form
- A completed requisition form must accompany all specimens.
- Billing information along with specimen and shipping instructions are within the requisition form.
- All testing must be ordered by a qualified healthcare provider.
For Requisition Forms, visit our Forms page
If ordering a Duo or Trio test, the proband and all comparator samples are required to initiate testing. If we do not receive all required samples for the test ordered within 21 days, we will convert the order to the most effective testing strategy with the samples available. Prior authorization and/or billing in place may be impacted by a change in test code.
Specimen Types
Specimen Requirements and Shipping Details
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ORDER OPTIONS
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2) Select Additional Test Options
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